|
|
| |
项目名称：核电关键材料的环境行为与失效机理
项目编号：2006CB605000
英文名称：Environmental behavior of materials in nuclear power plant and its failure
项目领域：材料
第一承担单位：中国科学院金属研究所
开始日期：2006-09-01
预计完成日期：2011-08-31
概述：
我国的核电站以压水堆为主。本项目以压水堆核电机组中一回路和二回路中材料的腐蚀、反应堆中辐照对压力容器材料的影响为对象，采用现役核电站的材料及我国研制的材料，在模拟核电站高温、高压水环境中开展试验研究。通过试验研究与计算机模拟，重点研究材料的微观组织结构和合金成分与环境参数之间的交互作用规律和机理，强调力学、化学、材料之间交互作用，特别是注重微观裂纹产生或点蚀产生后其周围的局部环境条件、局部力学条件、局部材料特征与宏观体环境之间的差别，把宏观行为与微观过程（到原子尺度）有机结合；在高温高压腐蚀电化学机制方面，把电化学行为与材料微观结构相结合，注重晶界结构、微量元素对腐蚀热力学和动力学过程的影响并建立两者之间的有机联系；发展基于腐蚀电化学原理的无损、早期、在线监检测基础理论和技术；在寿命评估方法方面，注重宏观规律模型与微观机理的有机结合，注重确定性的和概率性的损伤描述模型。通过这些研究，在环境因素与材料交互作用的非线性耦合理论、材料在环境中损伤演化的微细观理论、材料环境行为的模型与寿命预测理论三个关键科学问题上有所突破。
The NPPs in China are primarily made of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). In the present project, the corrosion issues of materials in the primary and secondary systems in PWRs and the influences of radiation on the materials of reactor pressure vessel will be mainly investigated. The experimental investigations on the in-service and China-made materials for NPPs in China will be done in high-temperature pressurized water. By means of experimental studies and computer simulations, the emphases will be laid on the rules and mechanisms of interactions between the environmental parameters and the microstructure and chemical compositions of alloys, as well as the interactions among the mechanics, chemistry and materials. Special attention will be paid to identifying the difference between the bulk environments and the local environmental, mechanical conditions and material characterization after the initiation of micro-cracks or pits, and in turn to combining the macroscopic behavior and microscopic processes (on atomic scale). In the aspect of high-temperature and high-pressure corrosion electrochemistry, main attention will be paid to the influence of grain-boundary structures and trace elements on corrosion thermodynamics and kinetic processes, as well as to establishing their correlations by combing the electrochemical behavior and microstructure of materials. The fundamental theories and techniques for nondestructive, premature and online monitoring and inspection will be developed on the basis of theories of corrosion electrochemistry. In the aspect of life-assessment methods, main attention will be paid to the combination between the macroscopic rules and microscopic mechanisms, as well as to the definite and probability models for damage description. Through the work mentioned above, it is expected to make several breakthroughs in following three key scientific areas: the nonlinear synergistic theory on environment/material interactions, the microscopic theory of damage evolution of materials in environments, the model of environmental behavior and theory of life prediction of materials.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
主要科学家
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|